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Syllabus for EDL-680

 

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The primary focus of this course is on the development of school and district budgets and budget forecasting, with consideration of the impact of local, state, and federal funding laws on budget development processes. Students will (1) examine the cyclical nature of budget development and how school budgets are collaboratively constructed; (2) compare and contrast expenditures of like districts; (3) analyze a budget; (4) review various models for implementing a budget and project how the budget should be implemented and coordinated to align with the educational vision; and (5) forecast future fiscal needs based on variables such as enrollment trends, population projections, state reimbursements for student attendances, and housing pattern changes. School financing will be examined through the lens of historical, current, and future funding issues. (ISLLC 3; NJDOE 3).

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of the course, you should be able to:

  1. Discuss the impact of historical, current, and future funding issues on school financing.


  2. Identify all of the components of a budget and explain why each is critical to the budget development process.


  3. Identify current enrollment trends in your community and predict how these enrollment trends might impact staffing, fiscal planning, budget development, and forecasting.


  4. Compare and contrast selected fiscal planning and budgeting data of similar and dissimilar DFG districts and the state.


  5. Explain the importance of capital-outlay programs and rulings, state and federal support of capital outlays, and school bonding practices in funding school and district capital projects, and create a plan for greater state support for the construction of local school buildings.


  6. Identify and discuss the impact of local, state, and federal school financing and program laws such as the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) on financing education.


  7. Discuss the economic, noneconomic, and social benefits of education on the economy.


  8. Identify sources of revenue and various funding sources, tell how each can be used to finance a school budget, and prepare a detailed budget of revenues and expenditures based on identified needs such as facilities, staffing, program, and student needs as well as enrollment trends and state and federal mandates.

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COURSE MATERIALS

The following materials are required to do the work of the course. The required textbook is available from the College's textbook supplier, MBS Direct.


Required Textbook

Brimley, V., Jr., Verstegen, D. A., & Garfield, R. R. (2012). Financing education in a climate of change (11th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-707136-4.


Electronic Portfolio Registration
As a capstone experience in the Educational Leadership program, you will prepare an electronic portfolio that demonstrates your incremental achievement of the program standards. Each course in the program helps you to identify artifacts to place in your portfolio on completion of the course. To this end, you are required to purchase an electronic portfolio registration code upon your entry into the Master of Arts in Educational Leadership program. Basic directions for purchasing access to and using your electronic portfolio are posted within the Educational Leadership Students Organization (online community).

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COURSE STRUCTURE

Budget Forecasting and Fiscal Planning is a three-credit, graduate course, consisting of eleven modules:

Module Module Title and Topics
1 The Economics of Education

1.1    Economics of education
1.2    Education as human capital
1.3    Creation of wealth and education
1.4    Education as an important industry
1.5    Education as a public sector responsibility
1.6    Economics and social progress
1.7    Economic benefits of education
1.8    Noneconomic benefits of education
1.9    Taxation and education
1.10    Cost-quality relationship in education

2 Financing Education Adequately and Equitably

2.1    Societal impact on educational needs
2.2    How education deserves a higher priority and the public demand for improvement
2.3    Demographic and social change
2.4    Consequences of not educating people on society
2.5    The inequalities of financing education
2.6    The equalization principle and improving state practices
2.7    Foundation programs

3 Patterns for School Finance Systems

3.1    Developing patterns and determining the best financing plan
3.2    Full state funding
3.3    Property reassessment and local district revenues
3.4    District power equalization
3.5    Emphasis on weighting factors and the various types

4 Sources of Revenue

4.1    The taxation system
4.2    Characteristics of a good tax system
4.3    Taxes for education
4.4    Private foundations
4.5    School and business partnerships

5 Eroding Local Control

5.1    Diminishing local control
5.2    How both urban and rural economics affect education
5.3    Governance under local control
5.4    5.4 Local fiscal control
5.5    Advantages of local control
5.6    Tax responsibility (local, state, and federal)

6 Education: A State Function

6.1    Early development of a state’s responsibility
6.2    Decentralization of educational systems
6.3    Development of school finance policies
6.4    State's ability to support education
6.5    Various state programs

7 Federal Interest in Education

7.1    U.S. Department of Education
7.2    Advantages and disadvantages of receiving federal funds
7.3    The role of the U.S. Constitution
7.4    Federal expenditure and increased service
7.5    The future of federal aid to education

8 The Influence and Climate of the Courts

8.1    Power of the court before 1971
8.2    Court cases equity and adequacy
8.3    Pressure for reform
8.4    Factors limiting financing reform
8.5    Finance reform or tax reduction

9 Public Funds and Nonpublic Schools

9.1    Funds for nonpublic education: a controversial issue
9.2    Intervention of the courts
9.3    Separation of church and state
9.4    Educational choice and vouchers

10 The Fiscal and General Business Aspects of a School Community

10.1    Financing capital-outlay projects
10.2    School budget process
10.3    GAAP accounting process
10.4    Purchasing
10.5    Annual audits

11 Human Resources and School Finance

11.1    The expanded role of human resources
11.2    Certification
11.3    Teachers and school finance
11.4    Administrators and supervisory salaries
11.5    Governmental influence

Each module, in turn, comprises learning objectives, a study assignment (readings from the textbook, PowerPoint presentations, and brief lecture notes), a discussion activity, and a writing assignment. You are also required to complete three reports/projects: a detailed report based on an interview with your business administrator, a report based on your annual district report card, and a school budget.

For the course's eleven lessons, go to the Course Modules area of the course Web site. For information about the reports and final project, see the discussions below and the Reports and Project area of the course Web site. For assignment and report due dates, consult the course Calendar.

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ONLINE DISCUSSIONS

Each module in the course has a discussion forum. All discussion forums take place asynchronously on the class Discussion Board.

Online discussions provide an opportunity for you to interact with your classmates. During this aspect of the course, you respond to prompts that assist you in developing your ideas, you share those ideas with your classmates, and you comment on their posts. Discussion board interactions promote development of a community of learners, critical thinking, and exploratory learning.

Most discussion activities contain several assignment questions. Be sure your posting addresses all of them. Some discussion forums direct you to post a course assignment for classmates' comments.

Please participate in online discussions as you would in constructive face-to-face discussions. You are expected to post well-reasoned and thoughtful reflections for each item, making reference, as appropriate, to your textbook readings and any other sources you may use, including Web sites. You are also expected to reply to your classmates' posts in a respectful, professional, and courteous manner. You may, of course, post questions asking for clarification or further elucidation on a topic.

Click link for an evaluation rubric.

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WRITING ASSIGNMENTS

Each lesson in the course concludes with a short writing assignment of about 500 words. The writing assignments require you to write well-reasoned and thoughtful papers on questions derived from the lesson objectives, making reference, as appropriate, to the readings and other sources of information. You are required to use APA sixth edition format for your work and for all references.

Click link for an evaluation rubric.

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INTERVIEW REPORT

You will conduct and report on an interview with your school or district business administrator about the budget process. The purpose of this exercise is to give you, as a future administrator, first-hand experience with what is involved in preparing a school budget and with all of its various components. See Reports and Project > Interview for further details, and consult the course Calendar for the report's due date.

Click link for an evaluation rubric

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DISTRICT REPORT CARD REPORT

In a second report, you will review and analyze your district report card. In analyzing the report card you will see how your district compares with state averages as well as possible trends in both your school and district. See Reports and Project > District Report Card for further details, and consult the course Calendar for the report's due date.

Click link for an evaluation rubric.

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SCHOOL BUDGET PROJECT

For your final project, you will prepare a school budget for one of three grade configurations (K–5, 6–8, or 9–12). The budget will be based on information provided and will give you an opportunity to incorporate what you learned earlier in your interview of the business administrator. See Reports and Project > School Budget for further details, and consult the course Calendar for the project's due date.

Click link for an evaluation rubric.

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PORTFOLIO ARTIFACT[S] AND REFLECTIVE NARRATIVE

The principal artifacts for this course are the interview report, district report card report, and school budget project.

Place each of these artifacts in your electronic folio. Preface them with a brief Reflection that describes the process of the activity, the ISLLC standards that are addressed for each artifact, and how this prepares you for school leadership.

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GRADING AND EVALUATION

Your grade in the course will be determined as follows:

Online discussions (11) 22 percent
Writing assignments 33 percent
Interview report 10 percent
District report card report 10 percent
School budget project 25 percent

To receive credit for the course, you must earn a letter grade of C or higher on the weighted average of all assigned course work (e.g., writing assignments, discussion postings, reports, final project, etc.). You will receive a score of 0 for any work not submitted. (Note: Graduate students must maintain a B average to remain in good academic standing.)

Letter grades and their numerical equivalents are as follows:

A = 93–100 C+ = 78–79
= 90–92 C = 73–77
B+ = 88–89 = 70–72
B = 83–87 D = 60–69
= 80–82 F = Below 60
   I = Incomplete (temporary grade); IF = below 60

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ACADEMIC INTEGRITY

Thomas Edison State College expects all of its students to approach their education with academic integrity—the pursuit of scholarly activity free from fraud and deception. All mentors and administrative staff members at the College insist on strict standards of academic honesty in all courses. Academic dishonesty undermines this objective. Academic dishonesty takes the following forms:

  • Cheating
  • Plagiarizing (including copying and pasting from the Internet without using quotation marks and without acknowledging sources)
  • Fabricating information or citations
  • Facilitating acts of dishonesty by others
  • Unauthorized access to examinations or the use of unauthorized materials during exam administration
  • Submitting the work of another person or work previously used without informing the mentor
  • Tampering with the academic work of other students

Academic dishonesty will result in disciplinary action and possible dismissal from the College. Students who submit papers that are found to be plagiarized will receive an F on the plagiarized assignment, may receive a grade of F for the course, and may face dismissal from the College.

A student who is charged with academic dishonesty will be given oral or written notice of the charge. If a mentor or College official believes the infraction is serious enough to warrant referral of the case to the academic dean, or if the mentor awards a final grade of F in the course because of the infraction, the student and the mentor will be afforded formal due process.

If a student is found cheating or using unauthorized materials on an examination, he or she will automatically receive a grade of F on that examination. Students who believe they have been falsely accused of academic dishonesty should seek redress through informal discussions with the mentor, through the office of the dean, or through an executive officer of Thomas Edison State College.


Plagiarism
Using someone else's work as your own is plagiarism. Although it may seem like simple dishonesty, plagiarism is against the law. Thomas Edison State College takes a strong stance against plagiarism, and students found to be plagiarizing will be severely penalized. If you copy phrases, sentences, paragraphs, or whole documents word-for-word—or if you paraphrase by changing a word here and there—without identifying the author, then you are plagiarizing. Please keep in mind that this type of identification applies to Internet sources as well as to print-based sources. Copying and pasting from the Internet, without using quotation marks and without acknowledging sources, constitutes plagiarism. (For information about how to cite Internet sources, see Graduate Online Student Handbook > Academic Standards > "Citing Sources.")

Accidentally copying the words and ideas of another writer does not excuse the charge of plagiarism. It is easy to jot down notes and ideas from many sources and then write your own paper without knowing which words are your own and which are someone else's. It is more difficult to keep track of each and every source. However, the conscientious writer who wishes to avoid plagiarizing never fails to keep careful track of sources.

Always be aware that if you write without acknowledging the sources of your ideas, you run the risk of being charged with plagiarism.

Clearly, plagiarism, no matter the degree of intent to deceive, defeats the purpose of education. If you plagiarize deliberately, you are not educating yourself, and you are wasting your time on courses meant to improve your skills. If you plagiarize through carelessness, you are deceiving yourself.

For examples of unintentional plagiarism and advice on when to quote and when to paraphrase, click the links provided below.

Examples of Unintentional Plagiarism

When to Quote and When to Paraphrase

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Syllabus Index

This document contains the following main sections:

Course Description

Course Objectives

Course Materials

Course Structure

Online Discussions

Writing Assignments

Interview Report

District Report Card Report

School Budget Project

Portfolio Artifact and Reflective Narrative

Grading and Evaluation

Academic Integrity


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